For addressing the challenges of ever-increasing world’s population, the maximization of farming crops production are of key challenges to think through for sustaining global food security. The aim of this book was to gain insight into potential differences and novel application of bacterial practices in agriculture and it is provides an overview of new trends in bacteria exploitation in crop production and sustainable agriculture. The objective of this book is to in depth study of the bacterial applications in modern agriculture and understanding their uses in future global food security without losing of agroecosystems sustainability. The increase in the world needs for food poses a challenge to our ability to enhance soil fertility. The using of bacteria, adopted in different areas of the world as an alternative technique, could contribute to decrease the erosion of soils and improving in the soil properties and crop productivity. The contribution of bacterial applications in sustainable agriculture will be expanded for sustainable agriculture. The advance technology and strategies in farming system to explore these natural and friendly resource for of plant and soil health and new application of bacteria are also discussed.