In this book, the term “childhood and children studies” is used as a collective concept that includes both micro- and macro sociological ideas about children and childhood. At the same time, childhood is interpreted in many ways as an age stage of individual development from 0 to 18 years old, as a socio-demographic community a set of children and as a social phenomenon inscribed in a certain macro-level context. Sociology of childhood as a “project at the beginning stage” has an interdisciplinary character, since it draws on the knowledge gained by other sciences, and international, since it integrates the achievements of sociologists and educators from different countries. Abroad, the sociology of childhood is institutionalized in the early 1980s, in Turkey somewhat later, in the late 1980s and early 1990s.